Location of the park (red area) in South Africa Location and provinces, Nearest city (southern) (central) Coordinates: Area 19,485 km 2 (7,523 sq mi) Established 31 May 1926 (1898) Visitors 1,336,981 (in 2004) Governing body Kruger National Park is one of the largest in. It covers an area of 19,485 square kilometres (7,523 sq mi) in the provinces of and in northeastern, and extends 360 kilometres (220 mi) from north to south and 65 kilometres (40 mi) from east to west. The administrative headquarters are in. Areas of the park were first protected by the government of the in 1898, and it became South Africa's first in 1926. To the west and south of the Kruger National Park are the two South African provinces of. In the north is, and to the east is. It is now part of the, a that links Kruger National Park with the in Zimbabwe, and with the in Mozambique.
This page lists people with the surname Kruger. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. 2014-12-09 00:00:00, Anonimo, 0. We'd like to use a fresh face, so consider this a casting call. Cody Latimer Denver Broncos Jersey [url=Encourage your child to make a photo album of cardinals. Yet when other big names like Ed Reed, Paul Kruger, and Dannell Ellerbe.
The park is part of the an area designated by the (UNESCO) as an International Man and Biosphere Reserve (the 'Biosphere'). The park has nine main gates allowing entrance to the different camps. Main article: Pre-Reserve (–1898) Over 300 recorded archaeological sites in Kruger Park attest to its occupation before modern times. Most sites however had relatively short occupation periods, as the presence of predators and the limited. At Masorini hill, beside the H9 route, iron smelting was practiced up to the era.
The reconstructed Thulamela on a hilltop south of the was occupied from the 13th to 16th centuries, and had links with traders from the African east coast. Before the the area now covered by the park was a remote section of the eastern 's last wild frontier., President of the at the time, proclaimed the area, which was inhabited by the, a sanctuary for the protection of its wildlife. Noted many kraals along the and also further north beyond the although the north was sparsely populated compared to the south. Many of the local natives were employed by railway companies for construction of rail connections, notably that between Pretoria and during the end of the 19th century., one of the hunters who noted that the area was over-hunted by the end of the 19th century, brought this fact to wider attention. Sabi Game Reserve (1898–1926) In 1895, Jakob Louis van Wyk introduced in the of the old South African Republic a motion to create the game reserve. The area proposed extended from the to the in the north. That motion, introduced together with another Volksraad member by the name of R.
Loveday, and accepted for discussion in September 1895 by a majority of one vote, resulted in the proclamation by, president of the Transvaal Republic (South African Republic), on 26 March 1898, of a 'Government Wildlife Park.' This park would later be known as the Sabi Game Reserve. The park was initially created to control hunting and to protect the diminished number of animals in the park.
Became the first warden of the reserve in 1902. The reserve was located in the southern one-third of the modern park., named after the and now in northern Kruger National Park, was proclaimed in 1903. During the following decades all the native tribes were removed from the reserve and during the 1960s the last were removed at Makuleke in the triangle. In 1926, Sabie Game Reserve, the adjacent Shingwedzi Game Reserve, and farms were combined to create Kruger National Park.
During 1923, the first large groups of tourists started visiting the Sabie Game Reserve, but only as part of the ' popular 'Round in Nine' tours. The tourist trains used the Selati railway line between on the border and in Limpopo Province. The tour included an overnight stop at Sabie Bridge (now ) and a short walk, escorted by armed rangers, into the bush. It soon became a highlight of the tour and it gave valuable support for the campaign to proclaim the Sabie Game Reserve as a national park.
Kruger National Park (1926–1946) After the proclamation of the Kruger National Park in 1926, the first three tourist cars entered the park in 1927, jumping to 180 cars in 1928 and 850 cars in 1929. Warden James Stevenson-Hamilton retired on 30 April 1946, after 44 years as warden of the Kruger Park and its predecessor, the Game Reserve. 1946–1994.
Plaque in the park. Now and then people do get killed, however, this is extremely rare. Stevenson-Hamilton was replaced by Colonel J. Sandenbergh of the. During 1959, work commenced to completely fence the park boundaries.
Work started on the southern boundary along the and in 1960 the western and northern boundaries were fenced, followed by the eastern boundary with Mozambique. The purpose of the fence was to curb the spread of diseases, facilitate border patrolling and inhibit the movement of. The Makuleke area in the northern part of the park was forcibly taken from the by the government in 1969 and about 1500 of them were relocated to land to the south so that their original areas could be integrated into the greater Kruger National Park. 1994–present. Pride of on a tourist road In 1996 the Makuleke tribe submitted a for 19,842 hectares (198.42 km 2), namely the Pafuri or region in the northernmost part of the park. The land was given back to the Makuleke people, however, they chose not to resettle on the land but to engage with the private sector to invest in tourism.
This resulted in the building of several game lodges from which they earn royalties. In the late 1990s, the fences between the Kruger Park and Klaserie Game Reserve, Olifants Game Reserve and Balule Game Reserve were dropped and incorporated into the Greater Kruger Park with 400 000 hectares added to the Reserve. In 2002, Kruger National Park, in, and in were incorporated into a, the.
In 2009 SANParks envisaged a northeast of Malelane on the bank of the, as part of a survival strategy to make the park less dependent on state subsidies. Eventually Radisson Blu was mandated to operate a 104 room safari resort starting 2019, which promises a smaller ecological footprint than that of prior, existing camps. The three-star, 128-room Skukuza Safari Lodge, to be completed by late 2018, was necessitated by the adjacent Nombolo Mdhluli conference center, opened in 2011, which draws guests arriving by charter flights or in tour busses. Former head of the park Salomon Joubert warned that these developments threaten the character, ethos and original objectives of the park, but minister of, deemed development of 0.3% of the park as acceptable. Location and geography. The park lies in the north-east of South Africa, in the eastern parts of and provinces., Limpopo is the only town in South Africa that borders the Kruger National Park.
It is one of the largest national parks in the world, with an area of 19,485 square kilometres (7,523 sq mi). The park is approximately 360 kilometres (220 mi) long, and has an average width of 65 kilometres (40 mi). At its widest point, the park is 90 kilometres (56 mi) wide from east to west. To the north and south of the park two rivers, the and the respectively, act as its natural boundaries. To the east the separate it from Mozambique.
Its western boundary runs parallel with this range, roughly 65 kilometres (40 mi) distant. The park varies in altitude between 200 metres (660 ft) in the east and 840 metres (2,760 ft) in the south-west near Berg-en-Dal. The highest point in the park is here, a hill called Khandzalive. Several rivers run through the park from west to east, including the, and Rivers. Natural landscape for much of the Park Thorn trees and red bush-willow veld This area lies between the western boundary and roughly the centre of the park south of the Olifants River., such as the red bush-willow ( ), and Acacia species predominate while there are a great number of marula trees ( ).
The Acacias are dominant along the rivers and streams, the very dense Nwatimhiri bush along the Sabie River between and being a very good example. Knob-thorn and marula veld South of the Olifants River in the eastern half of the park, this area provides the most important grazing-land. Species such as red grass ( ) and buffalo grass ( ) predominate while the knob-thorn ( ), leadwood ( ) and marula ( Sclerocarya caffra) are the main tree species. Red bush-willow and mopane veld This area lies in the western half of the park, north of the Olifants River. The two most prominent species here are the red bush-willow ( ) and the mopane tree ( ). Shrub mopane veld Shrub mopane covers almost the entire north-eastern part of the park.
There are a number of smaller areas in the park which carry distinctive vegetation such as Pretoriuskop where the sickle bush and the silver cluster-leaf ( ) are prominent. The sandveld communities near Punda Maria are equally definitive, with a wide variety of unique species. A pair of All the game animals are found at Kruger National Park, which has more species of large than any other African game reserve (at 147 species). There are webcams set up to observe the wildlife. The park stopped elephants in 1994 and tried translocating them, but by 2004 the population had increased to 11,670 elephants, by 2006 to approximately 13,500, by 2009 to 11,672, and by 2012 to 16,900. The park's habitats may only be able to sustain about 8,000 elephants, though this is not entirely clear. Elephants do change plant growth and density in the park, and some species, such as wildebeests, clearly benefit from an increase in grasslands.
The park started an attempt at using in 1995, but has stopped that due to problems with delivering the contraceptives and upsetting the herds. Kruger supports packs of the, of which there are thought to be only about 400 in the whole of South Africa. Wildlife Population As of 2010 Species Count (2009) Count (2010) 350 590-660 9,612 11,500 17,797 26,500 500 500 27,000 37,500 300 460 11,672 13,700 5,114 9,000 5,798 9,500 3,000 3,100 150,000 120,000 50 150 300 90 290 3,500 5,000 5,500 7,000 to 12,000 10,500 240 120 120 4,420 2,000 1,000 2,800 1,600 2,000 3,500 Birds Out of the 517 species of found at Kruger, 253 are residents, 117 non-breeding migrants, and 147 nomads. Some of the larger birds require large territories or are sensitive to habitat degradation. Six of these species, which are by and large restricted to Kruger and other extensive conservation areas, have been assigned to a fanciful grouping called the 'Big Six Birds'.
They are the, and the reclusive, which is localized and seldom seen. There are between 25 and 30 breeding pairs of saddle-billed storks in the park, besides a handful of non-breeding individuals. In 2012 178 family groups of ground hornbills roamed the park and 78 nests were known, of which 50% were active. Other vertebrates Kruger is inhabited by 114 species of reptile, including, and 3,000. Thirty-three species of amphibians are found in the Park, as well as 50 fish species.
A Zambesi shark, Carcharhinus leucas, also known as the, was caught at the confluence of the Limpopo and Luvuvhu Rivers in July 1950. Zambezi sharks tolerate fresh water and can travel far up rivers like the Limpopo. Invertebrates 219 species of and are native to the park. The fastest and most robust of these belong to genus, of which 12 species have been recorded. Genera and are also well-represented, with about 10 and 15 species respectively.
The total number of species in the park is unknown, but could be in the order of 7,000, many of which range widely in African. The in the northern half of the park is one of the best known, and communities outside the park have at times been given permits to harvest their caterpillars. The park has a high diversity of and 22 genera are known to occur, including the mound-building genera,. Many species of occur in the park, including the, and genera which target mammals. Arabiensis is the most prevalent of the 9 or more Anopheles species in the park, and their females transmit.
As of 2018, 350 species of, excluding ticks and mites, are known from Kruger. These are mostly, including 7 species of, but also 9 species, 7 species, and 18 species (sun and roman spiders), 2 species of and 1 species of. Anti-poaching measures Kruger is not exempt from the threat of poaching that many other African countries have faced. Many poachers are in search of ivory from elephant tusks or rhino horns, which are similar in composition to human fingernails. The park's anti-poaching unit consists of 650, assisted by the and the (including the ). As of 2013, the park is equipped with two borrowed from and two helicopters, donated by the to augment its air space presence.
Automated movement sensors relay intrusions along the Mozambique border to a control center, and a specialist dog unit has been introduced. Buffer zones have been established along the border with Mozambique, from where many poachers have infiltrated the park, as an alternative to costly new fences. The original 150 km long fences were dropped in 2002 to establish the. The national anti-poaching committee oversees all activities and coordinates interested parties. Poachers Kruger's big game poachers operate with night vision instruments and large caliber rifles, fitted with and sophisticated.
They are mostly Mozambique citizens that initiate their carefully planned incursions from the border region of South Africa and Mozambique. In 2012 some 200 poachers were apprehended, while about 30 were killed in skirmishes. In July 2012, a Kruger game ranger and policeman were the first to die in an anti-poaching operation, while other employees reported intimidation by poachers. A Kruger personnel affected some anti-poaching operations, and some employees have been directly implicated. Rangers in and around the park have been pressured or by poaching syndicates to provide intelligence on the whereabouts of rhinos and anti-poaching operations. In December 2012, Kruger started using a II drone against rhino poachers. The drone was loaned to the authority by its manufacturer, South Africa.
In February 2018, the head of a suspected poacher was found in the Kruger Park near Hoedspruit, his body dragged off and eaten by lions, it is assumed. Officials suspected it to be the head of a park employee who went missing days before, but it became clear that the man was, in fact, a suspected poacher when the park employee was found alive. The head was found in an area frequented by lions, along with a loaded hunting rifle.
Rhino Poachers mostly operate at or near full moon and make no distinction between white and black rhinos. Losses of black rhino are however low due to their reclusive and aggressive nature. With rhino horn fetching around $66,000 (and up to $82,000) per kilogram, the CITES ban on the trade in rhino horn has proved largely ineffectual. The second horn is sometimes hacked from the skull to obtain about 100 ml of moisture that is sold locally as. Poaching related to rhino horn escalated in the 21st century with 949 rhinos killed in Kruger in the first twelve years (2001 to 2012), and over 520 in 2013 alone.
A planned memorandum of agreement between South Africa and Vietnam, in addition to the one with China, are seen as necessary milestones in stemming the tide, while negotiations with Thailand have not yet started. The amount of rhino horn held in storage is not publicly known. Since 2009 some Kruger rhinos have been fitted with invisible tracing devices in their bodies and horns which enable officials to locate their carcasses and to track the smuggled horns by satellite. South Africa's 22,000 white and black rhinos, of which 12,000 are found in Kruger, represent some 93% of these species' world population.
Elephant Kruger experienced significant elephant poaching in the 1980s, which has since abated. It holds over 48 tons of in storage. According to (CITES), it is allowed to sell 30 tons. Following approval by CITES, 47 metric tons of stockpiled ivory from Kruger was auctioned on 6 November 2008. The sale fetched approximately US$6.7 million which was allocated to increased anti-poaching measures. The average price for the 63 lots on auction was US$142/kg.
Other It is foreseen that the placement of wire traps to procure meat would eventually become the most challenging form of poaching. A scheme has been proposed to reward adjacent communities with the proceeds of game sales in return for their cooperation in game preservation. The larger communities include Bosbokrand, Acornhoek, Hazyview, Hoedspruit, Komatipoort, Malelane, Marloth Park, Nelspruit and Phalaborwa. Bateleur Bushveld Camp. Berg-en-Dal Camp. Biyamiti Bushveld Camp. Boulders Bush Camp.
Balule Camp, near Olifants Camp. Crocodile Bridge Camp. Letaba Camp. Malelane Camp. Maroela Camp, near Orpen. Mopani Camp. Olifants Camp.
Orpen Camp. Pretoriuskop Camp.
Punda Maria Camp. Roodewal Bush Lodge. Satara Camp. Shimuwini Bushveld Camp. Sirheni Bushveld Camp. Talamati Bushveld Camp. Tamboti Tented Camp, near Orpen.
Tsendze Rustic Camp Designated private lodges The following camps are managed by private operators. See also:. Bateleur Bushveld Camp.
Biyamiti Bushveld Camp. Shimuwini Bushveld Camp.
Sirheni Bushveld Camp. Talamati Bushveld Camp Restaurants On 30 October 2013, South African National Parks (SANParks) announced the establishment of franchise restaurants in several rest camps. Restaurants have been established at, Olifants and Letaba rest camps. Restaurants have been established at Pretoriuskop and Satara rest camps.
Skukuza's Selati Station Grill House has been replaced by Ciao! And Skukuza’s main camp restaurant and take away will be run by Cattle Baron and Bistro. This decision was controversial, with some people welcoming the improvement in food services, and others viewing the introduction of franchises as detracting from the purpose of the Kruger Park. Gates to the Kruger Park. Rob East, ed. 'Chapter 10: South Africa'. Antelopes: Southern and South-Central Africa Pt.
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